PDYN and Anxiety: These results are consistent with the anxiogenic effects of intra-amygdala (basolateral) injection of dynorphin [53] and our previous report that a KOR agonist (U-69,593) administered into the CeA increased emotional-affective responses, anxiety-like behaviors, and avoidance behaviors as well as spinal nociceptive processing in naïve animals, likely via the disinhibition of CRF neurons [25,52].