BCG activates two main inflammatory pathways: the TRIF/IRF3/IFNα/β pathway, which has a uniformly pro-immunogenic and anti-tumor role, and the NFκB/TNFα signaling pathway, which mobilizes immunogenic/anti-tumor but also immunosuppressive/tumor-promoting mediators in bladder cancer TME. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.