VWF and HIV infectious disease: HIV infection and endothelial activation can induce the release of endothelial granule contents such as von Willebrand factor (vWF), proinflammatory and prothrombotic factors, and the shedding of cellular adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin [45,46,47].