CLU and renal cell carcinoma: Custirsen (OGX-011), a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide, has proven effective by interacting with the ATG sequence in exon 2 of the secretory isoform of CLU (sCLU), inhibiting its translation and suppressing cancer progression such as prostate cancer [15], renal cell carcinoma [141], bladder [142], liver [143], lung [144], prostate [145], breast [146], lung adenocarcinoma [104], melanoma [131], osteosarcoma [135], and ovary [147].