TNF and diabetes mellitus: The results indicate that TFH downregulates expressions of protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA), MAPK10, and p65 TNF-α as well as the level of the key metabolite DA in the DAG/PRKCA/MAPK10/TNF-α/p65 pathways, improves lipid metabolism disorder, inhibits inflammatory response, and thereby relieves symptoms of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) [223].