A formulation based on Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) BS15 has been shown to protect high-fat diet-fed NAFLD mice from hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte apoptosis by reducing intestinal permeability, altering gut microbiota composition, lowering LPS levels, and downregulating liver inflammatory factors such as TNF-α [140]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.