The presence of cytosolic LPS leads to further downstream processing that culminates in intestinal barrier dysfunction, promoting inflammation in the gut.71Fn-MVs significantly reduced the levels of tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin, as well as MUC-1 and −2, dysregulating the epithelial barrier integrity in colitis mice.28 Another study reported that Fn-derived MVs downregulated tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, resulting in epithelial barrier dysfunction both in vitro and in vivo. This evidence concerns the gene OCLN and colitis.