Previous studies have found that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CAMK2D) levels were upregulated in obstructed right ventricular specimens of TOF infants compared with those with a ventricular septal defect, and CAMK2D is a major pathological factor of cardiac remodeling and heart failure10–13. Here, CAMK2D is linked to ventricular septal defect 1.