Some genes are also putative causal genes at cardiac-relevant genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci associated with CM or left ventricular (LV) traits (ALPK3, FBXO32, PLEKHM2, TRIM63), atrial fibrillation (AF) (FBXO32, MYZAP, RPL3L) and electrocardiogram (ECG) traits (ALPK3, FBXO32, LDB3, NRAP, TRIM63) (Table 1). The gene discussed is ALPK3; the disease is atrial fibrillation.