However, (R, S)-ketamine can attenuate or even reverse the inflammatory response of BV2 microglial cells caused by LPS (Lu et al., 2020) and reduce the levels of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in plasma and vital organs such as the heart, liver, and kidney, thereby increasing the 7-day survival rate of rats with sepsis caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) (Zhang et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2021a) further reported that the combined use of (R)-ketamine at 15 mg/kg for prevention and treatment significantly improved the 14-day survival rate of mice after CLP. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and Sepsis.