AKT1 and neoplasm: And the inhibition of IGF-1R itself or the downstream signal transduction cascade, namely, the PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway, exerts potent stimulation on autophagy (Troncoso et al., 2012; Galluzzi et al., 2014) and other adaptive mechanisms (Wang et al., 2020) to achieve anti-tumor efficacy.