Specifically, Nie et al. observed upregulation of the TLR9-IRF5 pathway in the hearts of humans and mice with CVB3 myocarditis, and they observed that an AAAG-rich oligodeoxynucleotide that interferes with IRF5 alleviated myocarditis in CVB3-infected mice (131). The gene discussed is IRF5; the disease is myocarditis.