Lu and coworkers performed aortic banding in IRF3 knockout mice and in mice with cardiac-specific IRF3 overexpression, observing that IRF3 knockout exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy and IRF3 overexpression attenuated it, and concluding that IRF3 is a negative regulator of pathological cardiac hypertrophy (128). This evidence concerns the gene IRF3 and cardiac hypertrophy.