The utilization of myriad cell types such as endothelial andfibroblastin 3D bioprinted tumor models ensures better recapitulation of TMEcomposed of blood vessels, stromal cells, pericytes, and immune cells.12 Fibroblasts promote angiogenesis by excretingangiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and thus lead to the formation of new vessels that support malignantcells with necessary nutrients.23 A bloodvessel layer was created by incorporating lung fibroblasts and HUVECsinto a hydrogel blend. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.