High levels of these molecules, detected after macrophage treatment with VLPs (TNFα, IL-1β, CCL8, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL16, CXCL1, and CXCL2), were shown to correlate with severe COVID-19 in other studies [80–82]. Here, CXCL8 is linked to COVID-19.