TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A meta-analysis of 51 studies of 19 different pro-inflammatory cytokines, involving >36,000 patients with NAFLD and >47,000 healthy controls, showed that increased levels of C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were significantly associated with NAFLD [25].