Polymorphisms in genes that encode proteins that participate in 1,25-(OH)2D biosynthesis (CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1), that restrict VitD availability (GC) or mediate VitD biological functions (VDR) have been variously correlated with cancer risk, alterations in microbiota and/or changes in immune parameters in health and disease (36–40) (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/; Supplementary Fig. 11A and Supplemental Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene VDR and cancer.