VIM and cancer: Furthermore, radioresistant cancer cells often exhibit an EMT phenotype characterized by a reduction in epithelial markers (E-cadherin) and an increase in mesenchymal markers (Snail1, vimentin and N-cadherin) in non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer (Gomez-Casal et al. 2013; Jiang et al. 2018a, b).