C1GALT1 and cancer: C1GALT1 can promote malignant behaviors of cancer cells, including proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, tumor stem cells, radiation resistance, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity (Wu et al. 2013; Hung et al. 2014a, b; Liu et al. 2014; Chou et al. 2015, 2017; Lin et al. 2018; Dong et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2018; Kuo et al. 2021), while also reducing immune response and surveillance (Wan et al. 2023).