Moreover, inhibition of autophagy combined with irradiation induces a potent antitumor effect in PD-L1-deficient lung cancer mouse models via cGAS-STING-mediated T-cell activation, suggesting a possible combination therapy of irradiation, anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade and autophagy inhibition in patients with lung cancer (218). Here, CD274 is linked to lung carcinoma.