Indeed, it was noticed that the PD-1 and PD-L-1 co-expressed on the same cancer cells or APC interact in cis. This, in turn, inhibits PD-L1’s ability to interact with T-cell intrinsic PD-1 in trans configuration, and reduces canonical PD-L-1/PD-1 inhibitory signaling. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and cancer.