ARHGAP42 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: In the TCGA-KIRP cohort, the three genes consistently demonstrated independent prognostic significance, aligning with our previous analyses in ccRCC (HMGA1: HR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.37–5.38, P = 0.004; NUP62: HR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.18–4.81, P = 0.015; ARHGAP42: HR = 4.82, 95% CI 1.47–15.81, P = 0.009) (Supplementary Table 6).