In a recent study, we demonstrated that caveolae disruption in mouse atrial myocytes by acute mechanical stretch, cholesterol depletion by MβCD, or Cav-3 knock-out results in the elevation of cAMP level and cAMP-mediated augmentation of PKA-phosphorylation of RyR2 at Ser2030 and Ser2808 sites.17 However, enhanced atrial ectopy observed in Cav-3KO mice was not associated with sustained atrial flutter/fibrillation pattern, probably due to a lack of the structural atrial remodeling required for sustained atrial tachyarrhythmias.42,47. This evidence concerns the gene RYR2 and atrial flutter.