The significance of CAFs is difficult to assess, as it has been shown that tumor-promoting CAFs(Ma et al., 2022) and tumor-suppressive CAFs(Kabashima et al., 2022) can be induced from cGAS-STING signaling in the cancer cells, while others have shown that a STING agonist can contribute to downregulation of CAFs as part of the immune response (Hajiabadi et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene CGAS and neoplasm.