TNF and Cognitive impairment: Nlrp3 ablation in Nlrp3Micro−/− and Nlrp3Astro−/− mice shows that NLRP3 inflammasome regulates microglial activation, release of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, and C1q) which promotes transformation of neurotoxic A1 astrocytes, neuronal death, and cognitive impairments in mice (Li S et al., 2022).