et al. (2021) reported that APS treatment reversed the decreased glucagon-like peptide-1 and its receptors expression levels in the pancreas of T2DM diabetic rats, along with increased expression of glucose transporter 2, promoting restoration of insulin secretion levels by affecting the STR/GLP-1/GLP-1R pathway in the enteropancreatic axis of T2DM rats. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.