We next investigated whether HIV-1 infection affects Nrgn-AS transcript level as it affects Nrgn mRNA level in vitro by exposing differentiated SH-SY5Y cells to conditioned medium from HIV-infected monocytes-derived macrophages (MDM) (Fig. 5A-B), microglia cells (Fig. 5C-D) or mock-infected, to mimic the impact of HIV-1 induced inflammatory factors, toxins and/or viral proteins as previously described [36–38]. This evidence concerns the gene NRGN and HIV-1 infection.