Since that time, several large-scale studies have validated that loss of expression of AZGP1 in PCa is a strong predictor of poor outcomes (including recurrence, metastasis, progression to castrate resistance, and PCaspecific death), as well as providing predictive value independent of clinical and pathological parameters (such as tumor grade, stage, and pre-operative serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels) [3–12]. Here, AZGP1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.