In addition, myocardial fibrosis is usually accompanied by changes in the intra-cardiac expression of a range of fibrosis-related gene products, such as alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), collagen I, collagen III, suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 2 (SMAD2), SMAD3, SMAD4 and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) [12]. Here, FGF1 is linked to Myocardial fibrosis.