In line with these results, we found that addition of COXi in early pre-REP led to around 2.5-fold higher expansion of tumour-reactive TILs relative to conventional TILs, as measured by CD137 surface expression and IFNγ and TNF cytokine expression upon autologous in vitro tumour co-culture assay (Fig. 5i–k and Extended Data Fig. 6q–v). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.