Similarly, in KSHV-transformed primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), viral interferon regulatory factor 3 (vIRF3) of KSHV, along with the cellular factors IRF4 and BATF, co-occupies the super-enhancer of critical survival genes, driving upregulation of PEL-specific cellular oncogenic dependency (PSOD) genes through super-enhancer mediation92. This evidence concerns the gene BATF and primary effusion lymphoma.