There was a significant difference in smoking status and %emphysema between the two groups (smoking status, P = 0.017; %emphysema, P = 0.009), but no significant difference in pack-years (non-ILA, 33.2 ± 30.6; ILA, 36.2 ± 38.1; P = 0.506). The gene discussed is TNFRSF9; the disease is pulmonary emphysema.