TNF and melanoma: Tyciakova observed that TNF-α overexpression is accompanied by a significant upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 gene in A375 melanoma cells and proapoptotic ligand TRAIL gene in colorectal cancer cell HT29, both of which were mediated by TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling (Tyciakova et al. 2021).