In a phase I study, intratumoral administration of autologous DC transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing the CCL21 gene (Ad-CCL21-DC) in patients with advanced NSCLC resulted in increased tumor CD8+ T-cell infiltration, induction of systemic tumor antigen-specific immune responses, and enhanced tumor PD-L1 expression (337). Here, CCL21 is linked to neoplasm.