Regarding the resistance of PIK3CA-targeted therapy in NSCLC, an in vitro study involving a panel of cancer cell lines revealed that BRAF and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mutations, along with concurrent PIK3CA and KRAS mutations, have the potential to render cells insensitive to BYL719 treatment (190). This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and non-small cell lung carcinoma.