Yet, it must be considered that the effects of type I IFNs may be time-dependent: administration of IFNβ shortly before or after tMCAO exerts a protective effect against ischemic stroke, with a significant reduction in infarct volume through its anti-inflammatory properties targeting reperfusion injury, which is observed after a few days and one or three weeks (78–81). Here, IFNB1 is linked to ischemic stroke.