The preoperative indicators included stroke, acute kidney injury (AKI), limb ischemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, spinal cord injury, acute myocardial infarction, aortic regurgitation, pericardial effusion, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), pleural effusion, plasma levels of D-dimer, myoglobin, troponin I (Trop-I), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine. Here, GPT is linked to acute kidney injury.