APLN and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Loss of BMPR2 in PAH is associated with an upregulation of the miR-130/301 miRNA family (Bertero et al., 2014; 2018), causing a subsequent reduction in the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and reduced expression of apelin (Alastalo et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2015).