Several research projects reported a relatively higher abundance of Clostridiales in IBD patients responding to infliximab treatment at baseline or several months after initiation of anti-TNF therapy, which might suggest a positive association between Clostridiales and the response to anti-TNF drug in IBD patients (Kolho et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2018; Sanchis-Artero et al., 2021; Park et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and inflammatory bowel disease.