SDC1 and Miyoshi myopathy: Similarly, it was observed that soluble CD138 binds to HGF via HS chains remaining on the fragment and that this interaction promotes activation of the PI3K/Akt and Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK kinase signaling pathways as well as stimulation of the HGF/Met pathway, leading to proliferation and survival of MM cells (142).