ALCAM and breast carcinoma: Regarding tumorigenesis of ALCAM, some experiments approved the role of ALCAM in breast cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, colorectal, and OS (Federman et al., 2012[28]; He et al., 2023[40]; Kijima et al., 2012[50]; King et al., 2004[52]; Kristiansen et al., 2003[53]).