It is well-established that down-regulating the expression of HMGB1 and LOX-1 can inhibit intracellular ROS levels (Gao et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2021), and in models of liver injury and upper respiratory tract inflammation, ROS can stimulate the release of HMGB1, which subsequently triggers an inflammatory immune response and generates more ROS (Bystrom et al., 2017; Min et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and injury.