TNF and keratitis: Previous research has demonstrated that HMGB1 triggers inflammation in A. fumigatus keratitis by upregulating LOX-1 levels, consequently elevating the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and other inflammatory factors (Jia-Qian Jiang et al., 2019; Wu, 2020) Therefore, PL is anticipated to have a pivotal role in treating A. fumigatus keratitis based on previous studies highlighting its ability to inhibit HMGB1 levels.