For instance, the resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted drugs could be attributed to the reactivation of AKT, ERK1/2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways facilitated by exosomes released from macrophages (Yuan et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.