GCG and diabetes mellitus: Given the hypothesis that HGF may act as a powerful inhibitor of hepatic glucose production and output in the setting of insulin resistance, thereby enhancing insulin sensitivity (Fafalios et al., 2011), our research aims to explore the potential correlation between serum HGF levels and those of insulin, glucagon, and elevated serum lipids in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).