The positive effects of ASR1 and NaI were in line with previous findings that ASR1 selectively captured a diverse range of misfolded proteins, including vCJD prion in human plasma spiked with vCJD brain tissue [26, 27] and NaI enhanced seeding activity of brain and fecal samples [28, 29]. This evidence concerns the gene FAU and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.