EDN1 and atherosclerosis: The potential mechanisms include the rapid activation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, the change of ethanol-induced vasodilator prostacyclin 2 or potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1, and the change of intracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels which are all involved in the pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis [27].