TGFB1 and cancer: Past studies identified GATA4’s inhibitory influence on hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer via the modulation of pathways like Wnt/β-catenin [36], NOTCH/IRG1 [41] and TGFβ [42], while GATA4 acts as a cancer booster on acute lymphocytic leukemia by MDM2/p53 pathway.