In the latter regard, sMEK1 is a gene that encodes a Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase that stimulates apoptosis in response to paclitaxel treatment in ovarian cancer via inhibition of mTOR signalling53, and NPRL2 promotes sensitivity to irinotecan in colon cancer by activating the DNA damage checkpoint pathway51. This evidence concerns the gene PPP4R3A and ovarian carcinoma.