The results consistently highlighted the roles of these genes in multiple aspects of AD pathogenesis [e.g., the top 2 pathways: senile plaque formation (ACTB, ACTG1, APBB1, CHGA, CLU, ENO2, HSPB1, MT3, NRGN, PRNP, SORL1, SYN1, UBB, RTN3) and memory impairment (ACTB, CLU, IDS, KCNQ2, SMAD2, NRGN, PDE2A, PKM, PRKAR1B, PRNP, PSAP, SORL1, SYN1, UBB, CDK5R1, CPLX2, TPPP, GIT1, CALY, REEP2, SLC17A7, JPH3, SLC12A5)] (Fig 4K and S8 Table). Here, SMAD2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.