Next, we explored the link between uremic metabolite accumulation and AHR activation using WT littermates (AHRfl/fl) and AHRmKO mice fed either a casein control or adenine-supplemented diet (CKD), as well as CKD-mice treated twice daily with probenecid, an organic anion transporter inhibitor that has been shown to further increase uremic metabolite levels by preventing tubular secretion (54) (Figure 2A). This evidence concerns the gene AHR and chronic kidney disease.