TGFB1 and ulcer disease: This result could be explained by that at the early phase of ulcer healing, many macrophages and some polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the region of the ulcer bed produced TGF-β1 which stimulates chemoattraction of leukocytes (Border and Ruoslahti 1992), migration of macrophages (Postlethwaite et al. 1987) and fibroblasts (Wahl et al. 1987).