Moreover, although the fungal ligands recognized by TLR4 remain unknown, a haplotype consisting of the coding variants rs4986790 (D299G) and rs2986791 (T399I) in TLR4 has been associated with an increased risk of IPA in stem-cell transplant recipients (35) and immunocompetent individuals suffering from chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (36). Here, TLR4 is linked to Ito hypomelanosis.