NLRP3 inflammasome is composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and effector pro-caspase-1, and can affect the occurrence and development of IBD and even cancer via regulating the maturation, secretion, and pyroptosis of IL-1β and IL-18. This evidence concerns the gene CASP1 and inflammatory bowel disease.