At the same time, HO-1 can also block the NF-κB activation and downregulate the transcription of inflammatory factors and chemokines by inhibiting the production of cytokines and ROS (Wang and He, 2022); this may contribute to the treatment of IBD by inhibiting intestinal inflammation-cancer transformation (Lu et al., 2023). Here, NFKB1 is linked to irritable bowel syndrome.