As mentioned above, multiple studies have confirmed that Sishen Pill can regulate intestinal cellular immunity by regulating JAK-STAT and the expression of its downstream protein suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), one of the key signaling pathways by which the pill inhibits IBD immune inflammation and inflammation-cancer transformation (Liu et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022a; Kang et al., 2022) (Figure 3C). Here, CISH is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.